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The diageotropica (dgt) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is known to lack a number of typical auxin responses. Here we show that rapid auxin-induced growth of seedling hypocotyls is completely abolished by the mutation over the full range of auxin concentrations tested, and also in early phases of the time course. Protoplasts isolated from wild-type hypocotyls respond to auxin by a...
Phosphite (H2PO3, Phi) prevents the acclimation of plants and yeast to orthophosphate (Pi, HPO42) deprivation by specifically obstructing the derepression of genes encoding proteins characteristic of their Pi-starvation response. In this study, we report that prolonged (i.e., 34weeks) culture of Brassica napus L. suspension cells in Pi-deficient (Pi) media leads to programmed cell death (PCD). However,...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced plant tumors accumulate considerable concentrations of free auxin. To determine possible mechanisms by which high auxin concentrations are maintained, we examined the pattern of auxin and flavonoid distribution in plant tumors. Tumors were induced in transformants of Trifolium repens (L.), containing the -glucuronidase (GUS)-fused auxin-responsive promoter (GH3) or...
Immediate early responsive genes were screened by the differential display method during the hypersensitive response upon tobacco mosaic virus infection of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants carrying the N gene. Three hours after temperature shift from 30C to 20C, an increase in transcripts of a particular clone was observed. The cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 330 amino acids, whose topology indicated...
We have investigated changes in the distribution of peroxisomes through the cell cycle in onion (Allium cepa L.) root meristem cells with immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and in leek (Allium porrum L.) epidermal cells with immunofluorescence and peroxisomal-targeted green fluorescent protein. During interphase and mitosis, peroxisomes distribute randomly throughout the cytoplasm, but beginning...
The seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Chlorophyta) was cultured under two CO2 conditions supplied through the air bubbling system: non-manipulated air and 1% CO2-enriched aeration. These were also combined with N sufficiency and N limitation, using nitrate as the only N source. High CO2 in U. rigida led to higher growth rates without increasing the C fixed through photosynthesis under N sufficiency....
A full-length coding domain sequence of a gene analogous to granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; ADP-glucose-starch glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.21) was cloned and defined as OsGBSSII based on a Nitrogen (N)-starvation-induced cDNA library constructed using the rapid subtraction hybridization method. The deduced amino acid sequence of OsGBSSII was 6285% identical to those of GBSS proteins from other...
The uptake of cholesterol has been characterized in leaf discs from mature leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). This transport system exhibited a simple saturable phase with an apparent Michaelis constant ranging from 30 to 190M depending on the sample. When present at 10M excess, other sterols were able to inhibit cholesterol uptake. Moreover, binding assays demonstrated the presence of high-affinity...
The chloroplasts of many plants contain not only the photosynthetic electron transport chain, but also two enzymes, Ndh and IMMUTANS, which might participate in a chloroplast respiratory chain. IMMUTANS encodes a protein with strong similarities to the mitochondrial alternative oxidase and hence is likely to be a plastoquinol oxidase. The Ndh complex is a homologue of complexI of mitochondria and...
The normal tip-growing pattern exhibited by root hairs of legumes is disrupted when the hair is exposed to Nod factors generated by compatible bacteria capable of inducing nodule formation. Since microtubules (MTs) play an important role in regulating directionality and stability of apical growth in root hairs [T.N. Bibikova et al. (1999) Plant J 17:657665], we examined the possibility that Nod factors...
An antimicrobial protein gene, Ace-AMP1, was introduced into Rosa hybrida cv. Carefree Beauty via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 500 putative transgenic plants were obtained from 100 primary embryogenic calli co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens following selection on a regeneration medium containing 100mg/l kanamycin. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of these putative transgenic...
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) storage roots, organs accumulating large amounts of starch, develop from primary roots via secondary growth. The availability of promoters related to storage-root formation is a prerequisite for engineering root traits in cassava. Two cDNAs, c15 and c54, were identified from a storage-root cDNA library of cassava MCol1505 via differential screening. The transcripts...
The uptake, distribution and metabolism of selenite were examined in germinating homozygous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain with thioredoxinh overexpressed in starchy endosperm. Results were related to the null segregant in which the transgene had segregated out during crossing. Compared with the null segregant, the homozygote showed enhanced germination and root and shoot growth in the presence...
We have investigated the structure of glycans N-linked to the proteins of the moss Physcomitrella patens. The structural elucidation was carried out by western blotting using antibodies specific for N-glycan epitopes and by analysis of N-linked glycans enzymatically released from a total protein extract by combination of MALDITOF and MALDIPSD mass spectrometry analysis. Nineteen N-linked oligosaccharides...
When inoculated with the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml and Oberwinkler, the female flower of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (Miller) E.H.L. Krause develops anther-like structures filled with spores instead of pollen grains. Using natural scanning electron microscopy, Nomarski interference microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the morphological...
Hypaphorine, an indole alkaloid from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius Coker Couch., counteracts indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) activity and controls the rate of root hair elongation in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata. The present investigation shows that hypaphorine changes cytoskeletal organisation in elongating root hairs of the host. The actin cytoskeleton was investigated by two...
By comparing the expression patterns of selected genes from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. grown either at 1g or on a clinostat (horizontally or vertically inverted, 1rpm), and either used directly or after hypergravity stimulation, we have shown that the pattern of expression did not proceed in a stereotypical manner. Rather, the selected genes fell into different classes. These classes include...
Metal-binding domains consisting of short, contiguous stretches of amino acids are found in many proteins mediating the transport, buffering, trafficking or detoxification of metal ions. Phytochelatin synthases are metal-activated enzymes that function in the detoxification of Cd2+ and other toxic metal and metalloid ions. In order to localize Cd2+-binding sites, peptide libraries of two diverse phytochelatin...
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